How It’s Made: Limousines, Hiking Boots, Wall Plugs, and Hand Towels
- Limousines: The process of converting a car into a limousine, from stripping and cutting the car to stretching and rebuilding it with new components, brakes, and suspension.
- Hiking Boots: The production of high-tech hiking boots, including material selection, cutting, and assembly, with features like breathable Gortex insoles and waterproofing.
- Wall Plugs: The manufacturing process of wall plugs, from creating the nylon material to injection molding and testing, with a focus on the innovative design and production process.
- Hand Towels: The recycling and refurbishing process of hand towels, from collecting and washing to drying and rerolling, ensuring a clean and hygienic product for public use.
| Term | Definition | Example Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Limousinization | The process of converting a car into a limousine, from stripping and cutting the car to stretching and rebuilding it with new components, brakes, and suspension. | “The limousine company uses a team of skilled mechanics to limousinize a standard sedan into a luxurious ride for special occasions.” |
| Hiking Boot Production | The production of high-tech hiking boots, including material selection, cutting, and assembly, with features like breathable Gortex insoles and waterproofing. | “The company’s hiking boot production line uses advanced technology to ensure a precise fit and maximum comfort for outdoor enthusiasts.” |
| Wall Plug Manufacturing | The manufacturing process of wall plugs, from creating the nylon material to injection molding and testing, with a focus on the innovative design and production process. | “The company’s innovative wall plug design features a unique ergonomic grip, making it easier to use and reducing the risk of accidents.” |
| Hand Towel Recycling | The recycling and refurbishing process of hand towels, from collecting and washing to drying and rerolling, ensuring a clean and hygienic product for public use. | “The hotel’s hand towel recycling program reduces waste and saves resources, while also providing a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for their guests.” |
| Stretching | The process of lengthening a car to create a limousine, often involving the installation of new components and suspension systems. | “The limousine company uses advanced stretching techniques to create a luxurious ride with ample space for passengers.” |
| Gortex Technology | A waterproof and breathable material used in the production of high-tech hiking boots and other outdoor gear. | “The company’s hiking boots feature Gortex technology, keeping feet dry and comfortable even in wet and muddy conditions.” |
| Injection Molding | A manufacturing process used to create plastic parts, such as wall plugs, by injecting molten plastic into a mold. | “The company’s injection molding process ensures precise control over the production of their wall plugs, resulting in high-quality products.” |
| Refurbishing | The process of restoring or renovating a product, such as hand towels, to its original condition or better. | “The company’s refurbishing process ensures that their hand towels are clean, hygienic, and ready for public use.” |
| Material Selection | The process of choosing the right materials for a product, such as hiking boots or wall plugs, based on factors like durability, comfort, and functionality. | “The company’s material selection process ensures that their hiking boots are made with the highest-quality materials, providing maximum comfort and support for outdoor enthusiasts.” |
| Assembly | The process of combining individual parts or components into a finished product, such as hiking boots or wall plugs. | “The company’s assembly process involves careful attention to detail, ensuring that their products are built to last and meet the highest standards of quality.” |
Vocabulary Quiz: How It’s Made
- What does the word “breathable” mean in the context of hiking boots?
- Having a lot of air
- Allowing air to pass through
- Being very heavy
- Being very expensive
- What is the meaning of “stripping” in the context of converting a car into a limousine?
- Painting the car
- Removing the interior and exterior parts
- Rebuilding the engine
- Installing new tires
- What does “refurbishing” mean in the context of hand towels?
- Creating new hand towels
- Repairing and restoring used hand towels
- Throwing away old hand towels
- Selling hand towels
- What is “injection molding” in the context of manufacturing wall plugs?
- A process of cutting materials
- A process of shaping materials using heat and pressure
- A process of assembling parts
- A process of testing products
- What does “hygienic” mean in the context of hand towels?
- Clean and free from dirt
- Old and worn out
- Very expensive
- Made of cotton
Answer Key:
- b. Allowing air to pass through
- b. Removing the interior and exterior parts
- b. Repairing and restoring used hand towels
- b. A process of shaping materials using heat and pressure
- a. Clean and free from dirt
Using Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects
| Explanation |
|---|
| In English, gerunds (verbs ending in -ing) and infinitives (to + verb) can function as subjects of a sentence. This is often seen in formal or technical writing, such as in instructional or descriptive texts. The sentence structure typically follows the pattern: “The [gerund/infinitive] of [noun] [verb] [object].” For example, “The production of high-tech hiking boots includes material selection, cutting, and assembly.” |
Quiz
1. Which of the following sentences uses a gerund as a subject?
A) The company is responsible for the manufacturing of wall plugs.
B) The manager is in charge of manufacturing wall plugs.
C) The process of manufacturing wall plugs is complex.
D) The team will start manufacturing wall plugs tomorrow.
2. Which sentence uses an infinitive as a subject?
A) The conversion of a car into a limousine requires great skill.
B) To convert a car into a limousine requires great skill.
C) Converting a car into a limousine is a complex process.
D) The team will convert a car into a limousine next week.
3. Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of a gerund or infinitive as a subject?
A) The recycling and refurbishing process of hand towels ensures a clean product.
B) The company specializes in the production of hiking boots.
C) The team is responsible for converting cars into limousines.
D) The stripping and cutting of the car is the first step.
4. Which sentence uses both a gerund and an infinitive as subjects?
A) The production of wall plugs and to design innovative products are the company’s goals.
B) The team is in charge of manufacturing wall plugs and designing innovative products.
C) The process of manufacturing wall plugs includes to design innovative products.
D) The company’s goals are the production of wall plugs and designing innovative products.
5. Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect?
A) The manufacturing of wall plugs is a complex process.
B) To design innovative products is the company’s goal.
C) The converting of cars into limousines requires great skill.
D) The production of hiking boots includes material selection and cutting.
Answer Key
1. A) The company is responsible for the manufacturing of wall plugs.
2. B) To convert a car into a limousine requires great skill.
3. C) The team is responsible for converting cars into limousines.
4. A) The production of wall plugs and to design innovative products are the company’s goals.
5. C) The converting of cars into limousines requires great skill.
